Bibliographical Note

This volume is based primarily upon available official public documents of the United States and Canada and upon the official files of the following U.S. Government agencies: the U.S. Section of the Permanent Joint Board on Defense, Canada-United States, the Department of State, the War Department, the Navy Department, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The public documents used in preparing the study are listed below under Published Works.

Official Records

Permanent Joint Board on Defense Papers

These papers were the most concentrated and fruitful source of material for this study. They include the official records of the Board itself, the extensive correspondence exchanged between the various members of the Canadian and U.S. Sections of the Board, and the similar but even more extensive correspondence between the members of the U.S. Section and agencies of the State, War, and Navy Departments.

In theory, the office of the U.S. secretary of the Board in the Department of State was the office of record for the U.S. Section. In fact, the office of the U.S. Army members of the Board was the repository of the most complete records on the subject of U.S.-Canadian wartime military co-operation. There appear to be two reasons for this. First, virtually all matters dealt with by the Board were also within the purview of the U.S. Army members, whereas many matters of narrower scope were worked out between the U.S. Army members and War Department agencies without reference to the secretary of the U.S. Section. Second, the U.S. Army members maintained a separate office of record, whereas the U.S. secretary did not keep distinctly separate records for Board matters. Instead, he incorporated Board papers with the files he maintained as the Canadian-desk officer or as officer in charge of Dominion affairs. In addition, the bulk of the World War II papers of the U.S. secretary has been retired to, and amalgamated with, the general Department of State records. Where the State Department records have been used, they are identified by a Department of State file reference. Permanent Joint Board papers are located in the files of the U.S. Army members of the Board and references thereto are identifiable by the file index PDB.

--377--

Department of State Papers

In addition to the papers of the U.S. secretary of the Board, important materials concerning politico-military co-operation in matters outside the area of co-operation through the Permanent Joint Board on Defense are to be found in the Department of State papers. References thereto are identifiable by the file index notation D/S. The papers, carefully classified and indexed, are to be found in the Division of Communications and Records.

War Department Papers

The responsibilities, of the War Plans Division, or Operations Division, as it was redesignated in March 1942, were such that the politico-military policy matters, and the major questions of command, strategy, supply, planning, and operations pertaining to U.S.-Canadian co-operation were within its purview. It was necessary to examine the records of those two divisions, particularly for the periods immediately preceding and following the establishment of the Board, in order to obtain materials on those joint problems and transactions that were handled outside the Board.

References to a portion of these papers are identifiable by the file indexes WPD and OPD. Papers relating to problems involving countries other than Canada and requiring consideration by the Combined and/or Joint Chiefs of Staff were maintained by the Operations Division in a separate file identified by the symbol ABC. Most of these records have been retired to the Departmental Records Branch, The Adjutant General's Office.

Navy Department Papers

By and large, the Permanent Joint Board on Defense papers provided adequate material on wartime naval co-operation. In a few instances it was necessary to refer to records of the Chief of Naval Operations on file in the Naval Records and History Division, Navy Department. Joint Chiefs of Staff Papers

A number of matters bearing on U.S.-Canadian co-operation were acted upon by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The scope of these matters was severely limited by virtue of the fact that, by the time of the establishment of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in January 1942, the basic U.S.-Canadian plans had been drafted, and the decisions had already been taken concerning the majority of the strategic and logistical measures in which the two countries collaborated.

Documentation from Joint Chiefs of Staff files is identifiable by indexes beginning with the letter "J," as, for example, JCS for Joint Chiefs of Staff, or JPS for Joint Staff Planners.

--378--

Private Papers

Significant materials frequently covering matters not of record in the official U.S. Government files were found in the diaries of Henry L. Stimson and Henry Morgenthau, Jr., the World War II Secretaries of War and the Treasury, and of Jay Pierrepont Moffat, the U.S. Minister in Ottawa from 4 June 1940 to 24 January 1943. Messrs. McGeorge Bundy, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., and Joseph C. Grew, respectively, generously granted access to the pertinent data.The papers of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park were an additional valuable source of materials that were not to be found elsewhere. Those papers relevant to this study were examined and, where cited, are identified as from the "Roosevelt Papers."

Interviews

A number of the principal American participants in the events recorded in this volume were interviewed by the author or were queried through correspondence. Their views or comments were sought on points obscure in the official records. In addition, appropriate portions of the draft of the volume were reviewed by the following officers who held positions in the State, War, and Navy Departments during World War II:

--379--

The comments of these individuals have been appropriately incorporated in this study. The records of the interviews and the correspondence involved are in the possession of the author.

Published Works

The student of the history of U.S.-Canadian relations will find the best collection of studies on the subject to be in the twenty-five volume series on The Relations of Canada and the United States sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of Economics and History. The only volume cited below, by John B. Brebner, is in part an over-all summary and provides excellent background reading for this study. It also contains a list of all the volumes in the series.

Books

Baxter James P., 3d. Scientists Against Time. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1946.

Bemis Samuel F. A Diplomatic History of the United States. Third edition. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1950.

Brebner John B. North Atlantic Triangle. (THE RELATIONS OF CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES.) Revised edition. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1947.

Burhans Robert D. The First Special Service Force. Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1947.

Bykofsky Joseph, and Harold Larson. The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas. (UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.) Washington: Government Printing Office, 1957.

Byrd Richard E. Skyward. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1928.

California University, Committee on International Relations. Problems of Hemispheric Defense. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1942.

Callahan James M. American Foreign Policy in Canadian Relations. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1937.

Canada in World War II. Montreal: Wm. S. Boad and Company, 1945.

Carr William G. Checkmate to the North. Toronto: The Macmillan Company, 1945.

Carter H. Dyson. Sea of Destiny. New York: Greenberg Publisher, Inc., 1940.

Cave Hugh B. Wings Across the World: The Story of the Air Transport Command. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1945.

Chacko Chirakaikaran Joseph. The International Joint Commission. New York: Columbia University Press, 1932.

Churchill Winston S. The Second World War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. (All volumes published through 1951.)

Cleveland Reginald M. Air Transport at War. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1946.

--380--

Cline Ray S. Washington Command Post: The Operations Division. (UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.) Washington: Government Printing Office, 1951.

Coale Griffith. North Atlantic Patrol. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1943.

Coe Douglas. Road to Alaska. New York: Julian Meissner, Inc., 1943.

Conference on Canadian-American Affairs: Proceedings at Queen's University, June 23-26, 1941. R. G. Trotter and A. B. Corey (eds.). Toronto: Ginn and Company, 1941.

Craven Wesley F., and James L. Cate (eds.). Plans and Early Operations. (THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II, Vol. I.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948.

----- Europe--TORCH to POINTBLANK. (THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II, Vol. II.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.

----- The Pacific--Guadalcanal to Saipan. (THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD WAR II, Vol. IV.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1950.

Davies Raymond A. Arctic Eldorado. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1944.

Dawson Carl A. (ed.). The New North-west. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1947.

Dawson Robert M. Canada in World Affairs: 1939-1941. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1943.

Dexter Grant. Canada and the Building of Peace. Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1944.

Dmitri Ivan. Flight to Everywhere. New York: Whittlesey House, 1944.

Eggleston Wilfrid. Scientists at War. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1950.

843d Signal Service Battalion, U.S. Army Signal Corps. Alaska Highway Telephone System. Commercial Printers, Limited, circa fall 1945.

Elliott W. Y., and H. D. Hall (eds.). The British Commonwealth at War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1943.

Feis Herbert. The Road to Pearl Harbor. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.

Finnie Richard. Canol. San Francisco: Ryder and Ingram, 1945.

Glazebrook G. P. de T. A History of Canadian External Relations. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1950.

Godsell Philip H. The Romance of the Alaska Highway. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1944.

Griffin D. F. First Steps to Tokyo: The Royal Canadian Air Force in the Aleutians. Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1944.

Griffin Harold. Alaska and the Canadian Northwest. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1944.

Hardy H. Reginald. Mackenzie King of Canada: A Biography. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1949.

Harvey Heather J. Consultation and Co-operation in the Commonwealth. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.

History of Force 2600. (Unidentified and undated account of Canol Project operations obviously prepared by a U.S. Army agency circa 1944.)

Hooker Nancy H. (ed.). The Moffat Papers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956.

Hull Cordell. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull. 2 vols. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1948.

Humphrey John P. The Inter-American System: A Canadian View. Toronto: The Macmillan Company, 1942.

Hutchinson Bruce. The Incredible Canadian. Toronto: Longmans, Green and Company, 1952.

--381--

Ingraham Rex. First Fleet: The Story of the U.S. Coast Guard at War. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1944.

James Robert W. Wartime Economic Co-operation: A Study of Relations Between Canada and the United States. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1949.

Karig Walter. The Atlantic War. (BATTLE REPORT, Vol. II.) New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1946.

Keenleyside Hugh L. Canada and the United States. Revised edition by Keenleyside and G. S. Brown. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952.

Kennedy John de Navarry. History of the Department of Munitions and Supply: Canada in the Second World War. 2 vols. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1950.

King Ernest J., and W. M. Whitehill. Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1952.

King W. L. Mackenzie. Canada at Britain's Side. Toronto: The Macmillan Company, 1941.

----- Canada and the Fight for Freedom. Toronto: The Macmillan Company, 1944.

Kizer Benjamin H. The U.S.-Canadian Northwest. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943.

La Oliver Farge. The Eagle in the Egg. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949.

Langer William L., and S. Everett Gleason. The Challenge to Isolation. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952.

----- The Undeclared War. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953.

Lanks Herbert C. Highway to Alaska. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1944.

Leahy William D. I Was There. New York: Whittlesey House, 1950.

Lingard C. C., and R. G. Trotter. September 1941 to May 1944. (CANADA IN WORLD AFFAIRS, Vol. III.) Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1950.

Lissitzyn Oliver J. International Air Transport and National Policy. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1942.

Longstaff F. V. The Uganda in Action. Victoria, B. C.: The Author, 1952.

Lower Arthur R. M. Canada: Nation and Neighbor. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1952

Lower Post or Freeze: 340th Engineer Regiment on the Alaska Military Highway. Charlotte, N. C.: Herald Press, 1944.

McInnis Edgar W. The Unguarded Frontier. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1942.

Mackay R. A. (ed.). Newfoundland: Economic, Diplomatic and Strategic Studies. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1946.

Mansergh Nicholas. Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of External Policy, 1931 to 1939. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1952.

Matloff Maurice, and Edwin M. Snell. Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942. (UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.) Washington: Government Printing Office, 1953.

Morison Samuel Eliot. Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls. (HISTORY OF UNITED STATES NAVAL OPERATIONS IN WORLD WAR II, Vol. VII.) Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1951.

----- The Atlantic Battle Won, May 1943-May 1945. (HISTORY OF UNITED STATES NAVAL OPERATIONS IN WORLD WAR II, Vol. X.) Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1956.

----- The Battle of the Atlantic, September 1939-May 1943. (HISTORY OF UNITED STATES NAVAL OPERATIONS IN WORLD WAR II, Vol. I.) Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1947.

Morton Henry V. Atlantic Meeting. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1943.

--382--

Myers C. V. Oil to Alaska, Canol Unveiled. Edmonton: Douglas Printing Company, circa 1945.

Nelson Donald M. Arsenal of Democracy. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1946.

Plumptre A. F.W. Mobilizing Canada's Resources for War. Toronto: The Macmillan Company, 1941.

Polunin Nicholas. Arctic Unfolding. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1949.

Roberts Leslie. Canada's War in the Air. Third edition. Montreal: Alvah M. Beatty, 1943.

----- . Canada and the War at Sea. (CANADA'S WAR AT SEA, Vol. II.) Montreal: Alvah M. Beatty, 1944.

----- . The Mackenzie. New York: Rinehart & Company, 1949.

Roosevelt Elliott. As He Saw It. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1946.

Roosevelt Elliott (ed.). F.D.R., His Personal Letters, 1928-1945. 2 vols. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1950.

Rosen S. McKee. The Combined Boards of the Second World War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.

Rosenman Samuel I. (compiler). The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt. 13 vols. New York: Random House, 1938 (Vols. 1-5), The Macmillan Company, 1941 (Vols. 6-9), and Harper & Brothers, 1950 (Vols. 10-13).

Ross Richard M. The History of the 1st Battalion, Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (M. G). Ottawa: n.d.

Schull Joseph. The Far Distant Ships. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1950.

Sherwood Robert E. Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948.

Shores Louis. Highways in the Sky: The Story of the AACS. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1947.

Soward F. H. From Normandy to Paris, 1944-1946 (CANADA IN WORLD AFFAIRS, Vol. IV.) Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1950.

Soward F. H., et al. The Pre-war Years. (CANADA IN WORLD AFFAIRS, Vol. I.) Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1941.

Soward F. H., and A. M. Maccaulay. Canada and the Pan American System, (CONTEMPORARY AFFAIRS, No. 21). Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1948.

Stacey Charles P. The Canadian Army, 1939-1945. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1948.

----- . The Military Problems of Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1940.

----- . Six Years of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific. (OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE CANADIAN ARMY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR, vol. I.) Ottawa: E. Cloutier, Queen's Printer, 1955.

Steffansson V., and H. W. Weigert (eds.). Compass of the World. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1944.

Stettinius Edward R., Jr. Lend-Lease: Weapon for Victory. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1944.

Stimson Henry L., and McGeorge Bundy. On Active Service in Peace and War. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.

The Long Trail: 341st Engineers on the Alaska Military Highway. Charlotte, N. C.: Harold Press, 1943.

The War Reports of General of the Army George C. Marshall, General of the Army H. H. Arnold and Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King. Foreward by Walter Millis. New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947.
[Note: This volume combines the three separate official publications--

--383--

Tucker G. N. The Naval Service of Canada. 2 vols. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1952.

Watson Mark S. Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations. (UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.) Washington: Government Printing Office, 1950.

Welles Sumner. Co-operation Between Canada and the United States in the Search for World Peace. Winnipeg: J. W. Dafoe Foundation, 1946.

Whitaker Arthur P. (ed.). Inter-American Affairs. (Annual surveys 1-5 inclusive for the years 1941-1945.) New York: Columbia University Press, 1942-46. (Contain sections on Canada.)

Public Documents--Canada

Air Force Headquarters, Air Historical Section. Silver Jubilee of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1949.

Canada Law Reports. Part VIII, 1943. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1943.

Canadian Information Service. Statement, August 15, 1945. (Published as Appendix 8 of H. D. Smyth, Atomic Energy for Military Purposes, Princeton University Press, 1946 Edition.)

Canadian Mutual Aid Board. Final Report, 1946. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1947.

Crown Assets Disposal Corporation (formely War Assets Corporation). Sixth Annual Report, April 1, 1949-March 31, 1950. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1950.

----- . Seventh Annual Report, April 1, 1950-March 31, 1951. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1951.

Department of External Affairs. Annual Reports. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1939-1952.

----- . "Canada and Latin America," External Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 5 (May 1949), 25-34.

----- . "Canadian War Data," 1946 Reference Papers Series, No. 4, May 15, 1946.

----- . "Joint War Production Committee, Canada and the U.S.A.," Press Release 2, January 12, 1946.

Department of External Affairs, Information Divison. Background of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Waterway and Power Project. Reference Paper 52. Ottawa: 1950.

----- . Three Power Co-operation on Atomic Energy. Reference 52. Ottawa: 1949.

Department of Munitions and Supply. The Industrial Front. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1944.

Department of National Defense. Annual Reports. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1939-1952.

----- . Canada's Defense. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1947.

----- . Canada's Defense Program. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1949.

----- . Canadian Defense Planning. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1948.

Department of Reconstruction. Canada's Role in Atomic Bomb Drama. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1945.

Department of Transport, Air Services Branch. Canada Air Pilot. 2 vols. Ottawa: Department of Mines and Technical Surveys.

Dominion Bureau of Statistics. "Canada's Northern Airfields," The Canada Year Book, 1945, pp. 705-12. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1945.

----- . "The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan--A Summary of the R.C.A.F.'s Major Role in the War of 1939-45," The Canada Year Book, 1946, pp. 1090-99. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1946.

----- . The Canadian Balance of International Payments, 1926 to 1948. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1949.

--384--

Foreign Exchange Control Board. Report to the Minister of Finance, March 1946. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1946.

Naval Service Headquarters. Royal Canadian Navy Monthly Review, Nos. 1-43 inclusive. Ottawa: 1942-1945.

North Pacific Planning Project. Canada's New Northwest. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1947.

Ottawa Air Training Conference, May 1942. Report of the Conference. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1942.

Privy Council. Canadian War Orders and Regulations. J. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1942-1945.

-----. Proclamations and Orders in Council Relating to the War. 8 vols. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1940-1942.

Royal Canadian Air Force, Northwest Air Command, Public Relations Office. The Northwest Staging Route. Edmonton: 1945.

Supreme Court. "Jurisdiction of Canadian Criminal Courts over Members of the Armed Forces of the United States", Factum of the Attorney General of Canada and Case. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1943. (See also similar factums of the Attorneys General of Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia.)

War Assets Corporation. Annual Report, July 12, 1944 to March 31, 1945 and Second to Fifth (inclusive) Annual Reports for the four succeeding years. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1945-1949.

Wartime Information Board. "Canada and the Inter-American System." Reference Paper 34, February 16, 1945.

-----. Canada at War, Nos. 1-45 inclusive. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, King's Printer, 1941-45.

---. Defense Projects in Northwest Canada. Ottawa: 1944. (Mimeographed.)

Public Documents--Great Britain

Central Office of Information. Atlantic Bridge. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1945.

-----. The Battle of the Atlantic. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1946.

Commander-in-Chief, British Pacific Fleet. The Contribution of the British Pacific Fleet to the Assault on Okinawa, 1945. Despatch by Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser, G.C.B., K.B.E., published as a supplement to The London Gazette of 1 June 1948. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office.

Public Documents--United States

Army Service Forces, Control Division. Statistical Review: World War II. Washington: 1945.

Army Service Forces, International Division. A Guide to International Supply. Washington: . 1945.

----- . Lend-Lease. 2 vols. Washington: 1945.

Bureau of the Budget. The United States at War. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946.

Civilian Production Administration. Official Munitions Production of the United States. Washington: 1947.

Coast Guard. The Coast Guard at War: Greenland Patrol. Washington: 1945. (Proccessed.)

Department of Commerce. The St. Lawrence Survey. 7 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1941.

--385--

Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. International Transactions of the United States During the War, 1940-1945. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1948.

Department of State. Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931-1941. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1943.

Department of State, Office of the Foreign Liquidation Commissioner. Reports to Congress on Foreign Surplus Disposal. Nos. 1-14, inclusive. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946-1949.

Finance Department. Lend-Lease Shipments in World War II. 2 vols. Washington: 1946.

House Committee on Roads, 79th Congress, 2d Session. House Report 1705, on House Resolution 255. The Alaska Highway. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946.

Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, 79th Congress, 1st Session. Hearings on Senate Concurrent Resolution 27. Pearl Harbor Attack. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946.

National Archives. Federal Records of World War II. 2 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1951.

Navy Department, Bureau of Yards and Docks. Building the Navy's Bases in World War II. 2 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1947.

Northwest Service Command. First Semi-Annual Progress Report. Whitehorse: 1944.

Northwest Service Command, Public Relations Branch. Canol. Whitehorse: 1944.

----- The Alaska Highway. Whitehorse: 1944.

Office of Naval Intelligence. The Aleutians Campaign. Washington: 1945.

Office of The Quartermaster General. QMC Historical Study, 9, Fuels for Global Conflict, by Erna Risch. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1945.

Special Senate Committee Investigating the National Defense Program, 78th Congress, 1st Session. Senate Report 10. Investigation of the National Defense Program Pursuant to Senate Resolution 71, 77th Congress and Senate Resolution 6, 78th Congress. Part 14. Additional Report. The Canol Project. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1944.

Special Senate Committee Investigating the National Defense Program, 78th Congress, 1st Session. Hearings on Senate Resolution 6, Investigation of the National Defense Program. Part 22. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1944.

Special Senate Committee Investigating the National Defense Program, 79th Congress, 2d Session. Hearings on Senate Resolution 46, 80th Congress, extending Senate Resolution 71, 77th Congress. Investigation of the National Defense Program. Part 39. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1947.

War Production Board. Industrial Mobilization for War, Vol I, Program and Administration. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1947.

Articles

A. Armstrong Elizabeth H. "Canadian-American Co-operation in War and Peace, 19401945", Department of State Bulletin, XIII (October 28, 1945), 674-78.

B. Balch Thomas W. "Is Hudson Bay a Closed or an Open Sea", American Journal of International Law, VI (1912), 409-59.

C. ---. "The Hudsonian Sea Is a Great Open Sea", ibid., VII (1913), 546-65.

D. Bartlett Robert A. "Servicing Arctic Airbases", The National Geographic, LXXXIX (May 1946), 602-16.

E. Barton G. P. "Foreign Armed Forces: Immunity From Criminal Jurisdiction", British Year Book of International Law, XXVII (1950), 186-235.

--386--

----- . "Foreign Armed Forces: Immunity From Supervisory Jurisdiction", ibid., XXVI (1949), 380-414.

Bathurst M. E. "Jurisdiction Over Friendly Foreign Armed Forces", British Year Book of International Law, XXIII (1946), 338-41.

Batt William L. "Canada-United States Co-operation", Industrial Canada, XLIV (July 1943, 115-18, 131.

Borchard Edwin. "The Attorney General's Opinion in the Exchange of Destroyers for Naval Bases", American Journal of International Law, XXXIV (1940, 690-97.

----- . "The St. Lawrence Waterway and Power Project", ibid., XLIII (1949), 411-34. Brebner J. B. "A Changing North Atlantic Triangle", International Journal, III (Autumn 1948), 309-19.

----- . "Canada in North American History", The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXXIV (March 1948), 653-59.

Brebner J. B., and R. G. Trotter. "Relations of Canada and the United States", Canadian Historical Review, XXIV (1943, 117-35.

Briggs Herbert W. "Neglected Aspects of the Destroyer Deal", American Journal of International Law, XXXIV (1940, 569-87.

----- . "The Validity of the Greenland Agreement", ibid., XXXV (1941, 506-13. Brown Wilson. "The Allies at Quebec", Queens Quarterly, LVI (Winter 1949-1950), 465-78.

Carnegie R. K. "The Quebec Conference", Canadian Geographical Journal, XXVII (September 1943, 96-105.

Claxton Brooke. "Anglo-American Relations and Canadian Policy", in V. Anderson (ed.), The United Nations Today and Tomorrow (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1943.

Duggan Stephen. "The Western Hemisphere as a Haven of Peace", Foreign Affairs, XVIII (July 1940, 614-31.

Ellis F. H. "New York to Nome and Back", The Beaver, Outfit 280 (September 1949), 28-32.

Ells S. C. "Alaska Highway", Canadian Geographical Journal, XXVIII (March 1944), 104-19.

Evans-Lombe E. M. "The Royal Navy in the Pacific", Journal of the Royal United Services Institution, XCII (August 1947), 333-47.

Fairman Chas., and Archibald King. "Taxation of Friendly Foreign Armed Forces", American Journal of International Law, XXXVIII (1944), 258-77.

Falls Cyril. "Canada, the United States and the Commonwealth," Canadian Army Journal, I (July 1947), 12-14.

----- . "Defense of the Commonwealth", ibid., I (June 1947), 14-15, 32.

Fenwick Chas. G. "Canada and the Monroe Doctrine", American Journal of International Law, XXXII (1938), 782-85.

Finnie Richard. "A Route to Alaska Through the Northwest Territories", Geographical Review, XXXII (July 1942, 403-16.

----- . "The Epic of Canol", Canadian Geographical Journal, XXXIV (March 1947), 136-40.

Glazebrook G. P. de T. "Canadian Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century", Journal of Modern History, XXI (March 1949), 44-55.

Harrington Lyn. "The Alaska Highway", Canadian Geographical Journal, XLII (June 1951), 239-59.

Harrison W. E. C. "Canadian-American Defense", International Journal, V (Summer 1950), 189-200.

----- . "Strategy and Policy in the Defense of Canada", ibid., IV (Summer 1949), 21243.

--387--

Heslop Barbara. "Arctic Rescue", The Beaver, Outfit 274 (March 1944), 8-14.

Hitchins F. H. "Evolution of the Royal Canadian Air Force". Canadian Historical Association Report, 1946, pp. 92-100.

----- . "The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan". The Roundel, II (December 1949), 5-13.

Hopkins Oliver B. "The 'Canol' Project", Canadian Geographical Journal, XXVII (November 1943, 238-49.

Horner S. G. L. "Atmospheric Defense", The Beaver, Outfit 276 (December 1945), 4042.

Hunter Croil. "Northwest Airlines Unfolds Epic of its March to Help Save Alaska", Air Transportation, IV (February 1944), 7-10.

Johnston R. N. "Speeding-Up the Alaska Highway by Aerial-Survey Methods", Roads and Bridges, LXXX (November 1942, 17-23, 54.

Johnston V. K. "Canada's Title to Hudson Bay and Hudston Strait", British Year Book of International Law, XV (1934), 1-20.

----- . "Canada's Title to the Arctic Islands", Canadian Historical Review, XIV (March 1933), 24-41.

King Archibald. "Further Developments Concerning Jurisdiction Over Friendly Foreign Armed Forces", American Journal of International Law, XL (1946), 257-79.

----- . "Jurisdiction Over Friendly Foreign Armed Forces", ibid., XXXVI (1942, 539-67.

Knox F. A. "Canada's Balance of International Payments, 1940-45". Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, XIII (August 1947), 345-62.

Laing Lionel H. "Does the Monroe Doctrine Cover Canada?", American Journal of International Law, XXXII (1938), 793-96.

Lane Albert L. "The Alcan Highway", Military Engineer, XXXIV (October 1942; 492-500.

Lloyd Trevor. "Oil in the Mackenzie Valley", Geographical Review, XXXIV (1944), 275-307.

----- . "The Mackenzie Waterway: A Northern Supply Route", ibid., XXXIII (1943, 415-34.

Lower A. R. M. "Newfoundland in North Atlantic Strategy", Foreign Affairs, XX (July 1942), 767-70.

McCarthy Leighton. "Canadian-American Relations in War and Peace", International Conciliation, No. 398 (March 1944), pp. 200-205.

MacKay R. A. "The International Joint Commission Between the United States and Canada", American Journal of International Law, XXII (1928), 292-318.

McKechnie L. M., et al. "Home War: The R.C.A.F. Guards Our Shores", Canadian Geographical Journal, XXVII (October 1943, 150-77.

MacKinnon M. H. M. "The R.C.A.F. in Newfoundland", University of Toronto Quarterly, XV (April 1946), 213-21.

McMillion Shelby A. "The Strategic Route to Alaska", Military Engineer, XXXIV (November 1942, 546-54.

MacNaught Jack. "The Battle of the St. Lawrence", Maclean's Magazine, LXII (October 15, 1949), 7, 68-70, and (November 1, 1949), 22, 47-49.

McNaughton A. G. L. "Defense of North America", Ottawa: Department of External Affairs, Statements and Speeches, No. 48/18, 1948.

----- . "Organization and Responsibilities of the International Joint Commission", Engineering Journal, XXXIV (January 1951), 2-4, 12.

Mansergh Nicholas. "Strains on the Commonwealth", Foreign Affairs, XXVII (October 1948), 129-42.

--388--

Massey Vincent. "Canada and the Inter-American System", Foreign Affairs, XXVI (July 1948), 693-700.

Miller Eugene H. "Canada and the Pan American Union", International Journal, III (Winter 1947-48), 24-39.

Milner Samuel. "Establishing the Bolero Ferrying Route", Military Affairs, XI (.Winter 1947), 213-22.

Mosely Philip E. "Iceland and Greenland: An American Problem", Foreign Affairs, XVIII (July 1940, 742-46.

Neuberger Richard L. "Highballing at Sixty Below", Saturday Evening Post, 27 November 1943, pp. 15, 109-10.

"Oil for the Planes of Alaska", The Beaver, Outfit 274 (September 1943, 4-14.

Pearson Lester B. "Canada and the North Atlantic Alliance", Foreign Affairs, XXVII (April 1949), 369-78.

----- . "Canada Looks 'Down North'", ibid., XXIV (July 1946), 638-48.

----- . "Canada's Northern Horizon", ibid., XXXI (July 1953), 581-92.

Perkins Dexter. "Bringing the Monroe Doctrine Up to Date", Foreign Affairs, XX (January 1942, 253-65.

Pierce S. D., and A. F. W. Plumptre. "Canada's Relations with Wartime Agencies in Washington", Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, XI (August 1945), 402-19.

Podea Iris S. "Pan American Sentiment in French Canada", International Journal, III (Autumn 1948), 334-49.

"Prince Rupert--Secret City of the War", Canadian National Magazine, XXXI (November 1945), 6-7, 10, 12.

Rainey Froelich. "Alaska Highway as an Engineering Epic", National Geographic Magazine, LXXXIII (February 1943), 143-68.

Richardson B. T. "Canada-U.S. Relations in the New North", Canadian Business, XVII (May 1944), 28-29, 186, 189.

Richardson Dougall. "Economic Cooperation with Canada 1941-1947", Department of State Bulletin, XVI (June 22, 1947), 1185-92.

Ringold Herbert. "Lifeline to the U.S.S.R.", Air Force, XXVII (November 1944), 2427.

Sage Walter N. "The Historical Peculiarities of Canada with Regard to Hemisphere Defense", Pacific Historical Review, X (March 1941, 15-29.

Stacey C. P. "The Myth of the Unguarded Frontier, 1815-1871", American Historical Review, LVI (October 1950), 1-18.

Standley William H. "Stalin and World Unity", Collier's, June 30, 1945, pp. 17, 75-76.

Stephenson Wm. "Northern Salvage", The Beaver, Outfit 276 (September 1945), 36-39.

Sturdevant C. L. "The Alaska Military Highway", Engineering Journal, XXVI (March 1943, 117-21.

----- . "The Military Road to Alaska", Military Engineer, XXXV (April 1943, 173-81. Trotter Reginald G. "Canada and Pan Americanism", Queens Quarterly, XLIX (1942, 252-60.

Tucker Gilbert N. "Some Aspects of the Battle of the Atlantic", Report of the Canadian Historical Association, 1946, pp. 84-91.

Trully T. J. "The Story of the Alaska Communications", Signals, II (May-June 1948), 24-29.

Waters S. C. "Anzio", Canadian Army Journal, II (August-September 1946), 16-23. Wattsford G. J. H. "The Strategic Importance of Canada", Canadian Army Journal, II (March 1949), 17-21.

--389--

Wilcox F. O. "The Monroe Doctrine and World War II", American Political Science Review, XXXVI (June 1942, 433-53.

Wilson J. A. "Expansion of Aviation into Arctic and Subarctic Canada", Canadian Geographical Journal, XLI (September 1950), 130-41.

----- . "Northwest Passage by Air", ibid., XXVI (March 1943), 107-29.

Wood E. P. "Northern Skytrails", The Roundel, I, serialized in Nos. 1 (November 1948) to 11 (September 1949), inclusive.

Wright Kenneth. "How Goose Bay Was Discovered", The Beaver, Outfit 277 (June 1946), 42-45.

Wright Quincy. "The Transfer of Destroyers to Great Britain", American Journal of International Law, XXXIV (1940), 680-89.

Manuscripts and Unpublished Monographs

Carr Edwin R. "Great Falls to Nome: The Inland Air Route to Alaska, 1940-1945". Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1947.

Conn Stetson, and Byron Fairchild. "The Framework of Hemisphere Defense". Manuscript in preparation for publication in the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.

Cressy Arthur Cheever Jr. "Canadian-American Co-operation in World War II". Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1952.

Keenleyside Hugh L. "The Canada-U.S. Permanent Joint Board on Defense, 1940-1945". Unpublished manuscript, 1947.

Kittredge Tracy B. "U.S.-British Naval Co-operation, 1940-1945". Unpublished monograph, Washington, 1947.

Smith Gordon W. "The Historical and Legal Background of Canada's Arctic Claims". Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1952.

A large number of unpublished official secondary materials in the form of historical reports prepared by unknown authors in the U.S. Government agencies were available, some of which are listed below. Prepared as part of a directed program, these reports were in some cases written by inadequately qualified people. Consequently they vary considerably in quality and utility. The compilations of documents usually appended to the texts of these reports were especially useful.

Alaskan Department. "Official History of the Alaskan Department". Unpublished historical report on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Army.

Army Air Forces. "The Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command". Reference History 7. Unpublished historical report, 1945, on file in the Department of the Air Force, Air University Historical Liaison Office.

----- . "The Army Airways Communication System", Vol. I, "From Activation to Victory". Unpublished manuscript on file at Headquarters, Military Air Transport Service.

----- . "History of the Army Air Forces Weather Service". Vols. III-VI, inclusive. Unpublished manuscript in the files of the Air Weather Service Historian, Headquarters, Military Air Transport Service.

Army Air Forces, Air Transport Command. Unpublished official histories, on file at Headquarters, Military Air Transport Service (variously prepared in 1945 and 1946):

--390--

Army Air Forces, Air Transport Command, North Atlantic Division. Unpublished official historical monographs, on file at the Air University Research Studies Institute:

Army Service Forces, Control Division. "The Alaska Highway". Report 175. 2 vols. Unpublished report on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

-----. "The Canol Project". 7 vols. Unpublished report on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

Army Service Forces, Seattle Port of Embarkation. "Historical Report: Section V. Expansion and the Subports". Unpublished manuscript on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

Bureau of the Budget. "The Canol Project". Report to the Director by the Principal Budget Examiner. Copy in file ASF 65-8 of the Departmental Records Branch, The Adjutant General's Office.

Corps of Engineers, North Atlantic Division. Unpublished official accounts of base development and construction, 1946, on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History:

Eastern Defense Command, "History of the Eastern Defense Command". Unpublished manuscript on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

U.S. Army Forces in Central Canada. "History of U.S. Army Forces in Central Canada". Unpublished historical report on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

U.S. Navy, Atlantic Fleet. "Administrative History of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet in World War II". Vol. II, "Commander, Task Force Twenty-Four". Unpublished official history, 1946, on file in the Naval Records and History Division of the Navy Department.

--391--

War Production Board. "History of the Canadian Division of the War Production Board, March 1942-June 1945". Unpublished manuscript, 1945. Copy in War Production Board Records, National Archives.

Western Defense Command. "History of the Western Defense Command". 5 vols. Unpublished historical report on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

-----. "Military History of the Northwestern Sector". Unpublished manuscript on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.

--392--

Table of Contents

Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Patrick Clancey, HyperWar Foundation