Foreword			vii
The Author			viii
Preface			ix
Chapter			Page
PART ONE Background
I.	The Origins		3
		The Strategic Background	4
		Toward a Decision	8
II.	The Choice		16
		The Concept	16
		The Decision	21
		The Place	25
III.	The Preparations		27
		Forces	28
		Lift	37
IV.	The Start		43
		The Plans	43
		The Preliminaries	51
V.	The Opposition: The Germans in Italy		58
PART TWO Salerno
VI.	The Landings		73
		The Last Few Miles of Sea	73
		The Initial American Waves	76
		The American Beaches	85
		The Results of the First Day	90
		Slapstick	94
VII.	The Beachhead		96
		German Build-up	96
		The Beachhead Developed	99
		The German Attack	112
VIII.	The Crisis		118
		Allied Build-up	118
		Stand-off	125
		The Avellino Mission	131
IX.	The End of the Battle		133
		The Crisis Resolved	133
		The Eighth Army Role	138
		Some Miscellaneous Matters	143
		Command	148
		Summary	152
X.	Beyond Salerno		154
		Problems and Plans	154
		The Flanking March	158
		The Main Effort	162
		Naples	166
		Foggia	170
PART THREE The Winter Campaign
XI.	The Strategy		175
		Allied Intentions	175
		The German Decision	182
		Allied Problems	184
XII.	The Volturno Crossing		188
		The Immediate Situation	188
		The Attack Down the Calore Valley	194
		The Main Crossings	196
		The Crossing on the Right Flank	200
		The Crossings on the Left	203
XIII.	Into the Winter Line		207
		Mountain Warfare	208
		The Second Volturno Crossing	210
		The Upper Volturno Valley	213
		The Coastal Zone	214
		More Mountain Warfare	217
		The Third Volturno Crossing	220
		The Germans at the Bernhard Line	223
		Into the Bernhard Line	226
XIV.	The Shape of Things to Come		235
		Allied Reappraisal	235
		Hitler's Decision	243
		The Cairo and Tehran Conferences	246
		The Lull	248
XV.	In the Winter Line		257
		The Sangro Front	257
		Plans To Breach the Mignano Barrier	260
		The Camino-Difensa-Maggiore Complex	262
XVI.	San Pietro		270
		The Conditions	270
		The First Attack	274
		The Second Attack	277
		The Aftermath	285
		The Other Fronts	288
PART FOUR Anzio and Cassino
XVII.	The Decision for Anzio		293
XVIII.	The Preliminaries for Anzio		305
		Toward the Rapido-Garigliano River Line	306
		The German Situation	310
		Closing to the River Line	313
		Crossing the Garigliano	315
XIX.	The Rapido River Crossings		322
XX.	The Anzio Landing		352
		Preparations	353
		The Landing	357
		German Reaction	360
XXI.	The Attacks on Cassino		366
XXII.	The Opening Battles at Anzio		385
		The Allied Attack	385
		The First German Counterattack	394
XXIII.	The Bombardment of the Abbey of Monte Cassino		397
XXIV.	The Test at Anzio		419
		The Major German Attack	419
		Change of Command	424
		The Last German Attack	429
XXV.	The Bombing of Cassino		433
XXVI.	Results and Prospects		449
Appendix
A.	Table of Equivalent Ranks		457
B.	Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross		458
Bibliographical Note			461
Glossary			465
CODE NAMES			468
Basic Military Map Symbols			469
Index			473
Illustrations
Theater Commanders			11
Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark			29
Maj. Gen. Ernest J. Dawley			30
Maj. Gen. Ernest N. Harmon			30
Maj. Gen. Fred L. Walker			31
Maj. Gen. Charles W. Ryder			32
Maj. Gen. Troy H. Middleton			32
General Sir Bernard L. Montgomery			35
Vice Adm. H. Kent Hewitt			36
Part of the 45th Division Boarding LST's at Palermo, Sicily			51
DUKW's Crossing the Strait of Messina			52
Troops Cheer the News of Italy's Surrender			55
Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring			61
Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel			65
A Panorama of the Salerno Bay Landing Area
Tanks Moving Ashore, Salerno			88
LST With Improvised Flight Deck			88
Troops of the 36th Division Advancing on Red Beach, Salerno			89
Lt. Gen. Sir Richard L. McCreery With General Dwight D. Eisenhower and General Clark			101
The Tobacco Factory			105
The Ancient Temple of Neptune, Paestum			111
U.S. Equipment Burning on the Beach at Salerno			121
Maj. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway			135
Civilians Clearing the Ruins of Eboli			139
Maj. Gen. John P. Lucas			158
Engineers Repairing a Bridge Near Acerno			160
Wreckage in the Dockyards, Naples			167
Pier Across the Hull of a Sunken Ship, Naples			169
Triflisco Gap			193
Self-Propelled 105-mm. Howitzer on a Ponton Treadway Bridge at the Volturno			202
Removing a German S Mine			221
Rescue at the Volturno			223
Mignano Gap			226
British Soldiers Hugging Side of Hill, Monte Camino			228
Troops of the 30th Infantry Division Moving Out To Attack			230
Pack Train on a Mountain Trail			232
Stranded Vehicles at the Volturno			250
War Against Mud			250
Maj. Gen. Geoffrey T. Keyes			251
Maj. Gen. William W. Eagles			253
General Alphonse Juin			254
Brig. Gen. Robert T. Frederick			256
British Troops on Monte Camino			264
2d Moroccan Infantry Division Troops Around a Campfire			268
Monte Sammucro, With San Pietro on the Right			271
Evacuating the Wounded			284
German Pillbox on Monte Lungo			285
Paratroopers Approaching San Pietro			287
Medical Corpsmen at San Pietro			287
General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson			295
Lt. Gen. Sir Oliver Leese			296
Lt. Gen. Jacob L. Devers			296
Christmas Dinner on a Haystack, Somewhere in Italy			299
Men on Monte Porchia			309
The Liri Valley			311
Mud and the 36th Division Supply Dump, Mignano Area			312
German Box Mine			314
Forward Observer on La Chiaia			314
British 10 Corps Troops Shuttling Ambulances Across the Garigliano			317
The Rapido, Viewed From Monte Trocchio			324
Monte Cassino and the Benedictine Monastery			325
Bringing Casualties Back From the Rapido			344
Ships Off Anzio Awaiting Signals To Move to Shore			359
Men and Equipment Move Ashore South of Anzio, D-Day			360
The Anzio-Nettuno Area			362
Men of the 504th Parachute Infantry at the Mussolini Canal			364
The Cassino Area			367
The Monte Cassino Monastery and Its Environs			368
Bogged-Down American Tank Near the Rapido			369
Remains of the Barracks			377
Mortar Squad Firing Into Cassino			379
240-mm. Howitzer			380
Troop Position on a Rocky Hillside Near Cassino			381
34th Division MP Directing Traffic From a Roadside Dugout			382
Aiming a Bazooka at a Stone House			384
Ruins of the "Factory"			388
Civilian Refugees in the Cassino Area			398
Cassino: The Monastery, the Castle, and the Town			400
Lt. Gen. Sir Bernard Freyberg			403
Maj. Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther			405
Monastery Under Attack [1] [2]			410
Artillery Aimed at the Monastery			412
Monastery in Ruins			412
Archbishop Don Gregorio Diamare, Abbot of Monte Cassino, and Generalleutnant Fridolin von Senger and Etterlin			415
German Troops Inside the Ruined Abbey			416
M7 Self-Propelled 105-mm. Howitzers			422
Smoke Screen and Observation Plane Near Ammunition Dump, Anzio			424
German Prisoners Marching to the Rear			426
Maj. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr			429
Wine Cellar That Served as VI Corps Headquarters			430
Bombing of the Town of Cassino			440
Ruins of the Continental Hotel			443
German Long-Range Artillery Shell Hits a Nettuno Hotel			453
Revetted Hospital Tents, Anzio			454
Illustrations are from Department of Defense files, with the exception of photographs on pages 101, 403, and 415, which are reproduced by kind permission of the Imperial War Museum, London.
Maps
No.			Page
1.	Invasion Plans		12
2.	The VI Corps Holds, 13-14 September 1943		128
3.	The Situation at the Volturno, 7 October 1943		189
4.	10 Corps Drive to the Garigliano, 26 October-4 November 1943		216
5.	VI Corps Advance, 26 October-4 November 1943		218
6.	Fifth Army at the Winter Line, 5-15 November 1943		227
7.	First Attack on San Pietro, 8-11 December 1943		272
8.	Second Attack on San Pietro, 15-17 December 1943		278
9.	Crossing the Garigliano and Rapido Rivers, 17 January-8 February 1944		323
Maps I-VII are in accompanying map envelope
I.	Fifth Army Landings, 9-13 September 1943
II.	Advance to the Volturno, 20 September-6 October 1943
III.	Fifth Army Crosses the Volturno, 12-14 October 1943
IV.	The Fifth Army Advances, 14-25 October 1943
V.	Advances at Anzio, 22-31 January 1944
VI.	Enemy Offensive, 16 February-3 March 1944
VII.	Stalemate, Spring 1944