Chapter XIV
The Defense of Hong Kong, December 1941
Footnotes
2. United Kingdom records.
3. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 177.
4. United Kingdom records.
5. United Kingdom records.
6. Evidence of Gen. Crerar, quoted in Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force to the Crown Colony of Hong Kong, by Right Hon. Sir Lyman P. Duff, G.C.M.G., Royal Commissioner (Ottawa, 1942), 14. Full text of Gen. Crerar's evidence, Tel. No. 1000, Crerar to W.K. Campbell, 11 Apr 42 (through High Commissioner's Office, London) (copy from office of Minister of National Defence). References to Grasett visit, H.Q.S. 8641-9, vol. 1. Crerar to Stacey, 23 Oct 53, H.Q.C. 1453-21-5, vol. 3.
7. Unitd Kingdom records.
8. United Kingdom records.
9. United Kingdom records.
10. Copy on C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Ops OS/1.
11. C.G.S. to Minister, 24 Swp 41, H.Q.S. 20-1-20, vol. 1. "Record of Conversations on Important Subjects", 2220 hrs 24 Sep, instialled by Gen. Crerar, H.Q.S. 8251, vol. 21.
12. Telegram No. 413, Canadian Minister in the U.S. to Dept. of External Affairs, copy in H.Q.S. 20-1-20, vol. 1.
13. Signal in ibid.
14. United Kingdom records.
15. Evidence of Gen. Crerar ("Answer to Drew question No. 1"), above, note 6.
16. Proceedings of Royal Commission appointed to inquire into and report upon the Organization, Authorization and Dispatch of the Canadian Expeditionary Force to the Crown Colony of Hong Kong, pp. 312-14. Quoted in Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force . . . , 15.
17. Proceedings of Royal Commission, p. 299.
18. Lt.-Col. H. A. Sparling (for D.M.T.) to D.S.D., 24 Sep 41 (H.Q.S. 20-16-0). (Copy on file of Exhibits in office of M.N.D.).
19. D.S.D. to C.G.S., letter BDF. SD 10-2-5-5 (copy on file of Exhibits in office of M.N.D.).
20. Memorandum on D.S.D. letter of 26 Sep 41 (above, note 19) by Maj.-Gen. L. F. Page (copy in ibid.).
21. C.G.S. to Minister, 30 Sep 41, H.Q.S. 20-1-20, vol. 1.
22. Endorsement on recommendation, above, note 21.
23. United Kingdom records. Tel. GS 2152, Canmilitry to Defensor, 11 Oct 41, H.Q.S. 20-120, vol. 1.
24. Brig. Stuart (for C.G.S.) to the Minister, 11 Oct 41, and approval by Mr. Power same date, ibid.
25. Tels. Canmilitry to Defensor, GS 2743, 4 Dec 41 and GS 2849, 12 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 20-1-20, vol. 2.
26. United Kingdom records.
27. United Kingdom records.
28. United Kingdom records. Under-Sec. for External Affairs to D.M., D.N.D., 18 Feb 46, H.Q.C. 145310, vol. 1.
29. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 258. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada.
30. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 2832. W.D., Winnipeg Grenadiers.
31. War Establishment Cdn 11/1940/12F/1.
32. Part II Orders, Royal Rifles of Canada and Winnipeg Grenadiers, October 1941.
33. Documents on H.Q.S. 8884-5, vol. 1. Report on the Canadian Expedtionary Force, 36.
34. The basic instruction, dated 18 Aug 40, is printed in Report, 44.
35. Ibid., 45.
36. Table "A" attached to A.G. to Minister, 18 Jan 42, H.Q.S. 8884-5, vol. 5.
37. Ibid.
38. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, especially 8, 11 and 15 Apr 41; 9, 12 and 20 May 41; 13 Jun 41; numerous entries, July and August 1941. Cf. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 258. Information from Brig. F. T. Atkinson (Adjutant, R.R.C., 1941), 27 Nov 52.
39. Inspector-General's Report, quoted in Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 30.
40. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 31.
41. Ibid., 30-31. W.D., Winnipeg Grenadiers, especially 13 Oct 40, 22 Feb 41, 22 Mar 41, 10 May 41. Weekly Reports, "Y" Force, July-August 1941, H.Q.S. 8538-3, vol. 2.
42. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 2532. Summaries of training reports, H.Q.S. 853811. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, especially 7 Aug 41 and 11 Aug 41. Weekly Reports, "Y" Force, above, note 41. Comment by Brig. J. H. Price (Second in Command, R.R.C., 1941), 13 Nov 52, H.Q.C. 1453-21-5, vol. 3.
43. To C.G.S., H.Q.S. 8538-11.
44. Tel. 176, Dominions Office to External Affairs, H.Q.S. 20-1-20, vol. 1.
45. Reports on H.Q.S. 63-302-334.
46. Report to C.G.S., 15 Nov 41, above, note 43. On absentees, Tels. CA I and CA 2, Orinoco ("C" Force) to Defensor, 3 and 16 Nov 41, H.Q.S. 8538-11.
47. To C.G.S., 15 Nov 41, above, note 43.
48. To Movement Control, N.D.H.Q., 28 Oct 41, H.Q.S. 63-302-334.
49. Parade State, Force "C" (Report of "C" Force Headquarters and Details). Tel. CA 1, above, note 46.
50. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 50.
51. Detailed analysis in ibid., 50-61. Cf. Q.M.G. to Minister, 19 Dec 41, H.Q.S 20-1-20, vol. 2.
52. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 8.
53. H.Q.C. 6-S-226, vol. 3; H.Q.C. 6-L-174, vol. 3; H.Q.C. 6-S-232, vol. 2. Statement by Colonel Ralston in the House of Commons, 27 Jul 42.
54. Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 51. See also Chief of Naval Staff to Q.M.G., 16 Jan 42, H.Q.S. 63-301-666.
55. Telegrams on H.Q.S. 20-1-20, vol. 1. 56. Ibid., 20 Oct 41.
56. Ibid., 20 Oct 41.
57. Signal, Admiralty to C.-in-C. China, 24 Oct 41, N.S.S. 1037-14-2, vol. 3.
58. Report of "C" Force Headquarters and Details. Globe and Mail (Toronto), 17 Nov 41.
59. Pearl Harbor Attack. Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack; Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress, First and Second Sessions (Washington, 1946: 39 parts). The actual Report of the Joint Committee is Senate Document No. 244, 79th Congress, 2d Session. See also The Campaigns of the Pacific War (United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific), Naval Analysis Division, Washington, 1946).
60. See, e.g., Louis Morton, The Fall of the Philippines ("United States Army in World War II, The War in the Pacific") (Washington, 1953) and S. E. Morison, The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931-April 1942 ("History of United States Naval Operations in World War II", III) (Boston, 1948). Cf. Morton, "The Japanese Decision for War", above, note 1.
61. E.g., Feis, The Road to Pearl Harbor.
62. Feis, The Road to Pearl Harbor, 227-70.
63. Ibid., 282-91. Morton, "The Japanese Decision for War".
64. Senate Document No. 244 (above, note 59), 96.
65. Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 16, 2140.
66. C.M.H.Q. file 4/Gen Apprec/1.
67. Senate Document No. 244, 340.
68. Globe and Mail (Toronto), 12 Mar 48.
69. Cables read in Canadian House of Commons, 29 Apr 48.
70. Translation in The Campaigns of the Pacific War, 43-6.
71. Ibid., 15, 49. Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 13, 431 ff. Morton, "The Japanese Decision for War". Cf. Morison, The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 86.
72. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (2 vols., N.Y., 1948), 11, 1062-74, 1056-7, 1074. Cf. Feis, 291-7.
73. The Campaigns of the Pacific War, 51, 15. Feis, Chap. 41.
74. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, II, 1057-8.
75. Brooke-Popham to G.O.C. Malaya and A.O.C. Far East, 22 Nov 41. Air Vice-Marshal Sir Paul Maltby, Report on the Air Operations during the Campaigns in Malaya and Netherlands East Indies . . . (London Gazette Supplement, 26 Feb 48), paras. 140-43.
76. Despatch, Operations in the Far East, from 17th October 1940 to 27th December 1941, by Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham (London Gazette Supplement, 22 Jan 48), paras. 95, 132. A. V. M. Maltby's Report, para. 146.
77. United Kingdom records.
78. United Kingdom records.
79. "Note on Hong Kong", 25 Oct 41, H.Q.S. 8902. Brooke-Popham Despatch, Appendix ³F".
80. United Kingdom records.
81. United Kingdom records.
82. A.V.M. Maltby's Report, para. 49, modified by information from United Kingdom records.
83. "Note on Hong Kong", above, note 79.
84. Information from Gen. Maltby, 25 Jun 46.
85. List in "C" Force Report.
86. Appendix "A", para. 8.
87. Evidence of, e.g., Brig. F. T. Atkinson and Lt. F. G. Power, R.R.C.
88. Brooke-Popham Despatch, Appendix "H".
89. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, para. 8.
90. "Directive to the Commander-in-Chief, Far East", Brooke-Popham Despatch, Appendix "A".
91. Ibid., para. 32.
92. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 1.
93. United Kingdom records.
94. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 1.
95. United Kingdom records.
96. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 3-4; text, paras. 4, 7.
97. Brooke-Popham Despatch, para. 32.
98. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 2, modified by sketch in W.D., Mainland Inf. Bde.
99. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 4.
100. Ibid., paras. 4-5.
101. Tel. G.1, Fervour (G.O.C. Hong Kong) to Defensor, 24 Nov 41, H.Q.S. 8538-11.
102. Tel. G.2, Orinoco ("C" Force) to Defensor, 30 Nov 41, ibid.
103. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, December 1941.
104. "C" Force Report.
105. Despatch, para. 8(f.)
106. Lt. R. W. Queen-Hughes, "Report on Transport Operations at Hong Kong", H.Q.C. 1453-10, vol. 1.
107. Ibid., and report by Capt. W.A.B. Royal, same file.
108. Queen-Hughes report, and Maj. T. G. MacAuley to Maj. G. W. L. Nicholson, 5 Jan 46, H.Q.C. 1453-10, vol. 1.
109. Information from Lt: Col. J. H. Price, 22 Mar 46.
110. United Kingdom records. Information from Brig. F. T. Atkinson, 27 Nov 52.
111. Japanese narrative The Capture of Hong Kong, included in Operation Record of Chinese Theater, Vol. II, prepared by First Demobilization Bureau ("Japanese Studies in World War II", No. 71).
112. The Campaigns of the Pacific War, 43-6.
113. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part A.
114. Ibid., parts C and D. Order of Battle of the Japanese Armed Forces, 26 April 1944 (War Department, Washington, 1944), 87-8.
115. "Standard Table of Strength assigned to the Capture of Hong Kong", First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part A. "Outline of the Disposition of Forces", ibid.
116. Ibid., part B. But cf. "Table" and "Outline" cited above, note 115.
117. Ibid., part C.
118. Ibid., part B.
119. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 6 Dec 41.
120. United Kingdom records.
121. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 7 Dec 41; Winnipeg Grenadiers report; "C" Force Report. United Kingdom records.
122. United Kingdom records.
123. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 14. Tel. 1732, Fervour to Defensor, 8 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
124. United Kingdom records.
125. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 16.
126. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part D.
127. Col. Doi's "Battle Progress Report of the 228th Infantry Regiment in the Hong Kong Invasion Operations in December 1941," prepared in September 1952 from his diary and from memory.
128. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 20 and 10.
129. Ibid., para. 20.
130. Ibid., para. 21. W.D., Mainland Inf. Bde. and Attached Troops, p. 15. Cf. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, 10 Dec 41.
131. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 25.
132. Ibid.
133. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, 11 Dec 41.
134. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part D.
135. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 25.
136. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, pp. 8, 5.
137. Tel. 1754, Fervour to Defensor, 12 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
138. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 29 and 27. Japanese Studies in World War II, No. 76.
139. Information from Combined Inter-Services Historical Section (India and Pakistan). W.D., H.Q. Mainland Inf. Bde., 12 Dec 41.
140. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 33.
141. Ibid., paras. 35-6. Information from Combined Inter-Services Historical Section, India and Pakistan.
142. Tel. 1754, above, note 137. W.D., H.Q. Mainland Inf. Bde., 13 Dec 41. United Kingdom records.
143. Tel. 1754, above, note 137. Cf. Thomas F. Ryan, Jesuits under Fire in the Siege of Hong Kong, 1941 (London and Dublin, 1945), 55.
144. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 46. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 11 Dec 41.
145. Tel. G.8, Orinoco to Defensor, 14 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
146. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., p. 4.
147. Tel. 1759, Fervour to Defensor, 14 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
148. Tel. 1767, Fervour to Defensor, 14 Dec 41, ibid.
149. Tel. 1775, Fervour to Defensor, 15 Dec 1, ibid. United Kingdom records.
150. United Kingdom records. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 15 Dec 41. "Hong Kong Diary, 'C' Coy., Royal Rifles of Canada", 15 Dec 41.
151. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 54.
152. Tel. 1784, Fervour to Defensor, 18 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
153. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 62.
154. Report, "C" Force Brigade Headquarters and Details, 18 Dec 41.
155. "Report by O.C. 5/7 Raj (Taikoo) on Events on North Face . . .". Information from Combined Inter-Services Historical Section (India and Pakistan).
156. "The positions of the Landing Troops on Hong Kong", First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part D.
157. United Kingdom records.
158. Ibid. "Report by O.C. 5/7 Raj" (above, note 155).
159. "Report by O.C. 5/7 Raj".
160. United Kingdom records.
161. "Report by O.C. 5/7 Raj".
162. South East Asia Translation and Interrogation Centre, Historical Bulletin No. 249, "History of Japanese 38 Div" and "Hong Kong Operation".
163. United Kingdom records.
164. "Translation of an Account of the Attack on Hong Kong . . . by Maj. Gen. Tanaka Ryosaburo . .", and accompanying marked map.
165. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 43. Cf. Tel. 1767, Fervour to Defensor, 14 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
166. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 18 Dec 41.
167. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 18 Dec 41.
168. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, "C" Company narratives, 18 and 19 Dec 41. "C" Coy. Diary, above, note 150. Interview with Lt: Col. W. A. Bishop, 3 Mar 53.
169. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 18 Dec 41; W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, Bn. H.Q. narrative, 18 Dec 41; and report of Capt. W. F. Clarke, 19 Dec 41. Cf. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 63 (o).
170. Report of Capt. W. F. Clarke, above, note 169.
171. "Translation of Statement by Maj. Gen. Shoji Toshishige . . . concerning the activities of the Shoji Butai during the capture of Hong Kong . . .", and accompanying marked map. Doi, "Battle Progress Report".
172. Tel. Commodore Hong Kong to Admiralty, 19 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
173. Unnumbered, Fervour to Defensor, 19 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902; cf. Tel. GS 2970, Canmilitry to Defensor, 21 Dec 41, ibid.
174. Naval message 525, H.Q.S. 8902.
175. Information from Combined Inter-Services Historical Section, India and Pakistan. Cf. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, para. 13 (c).
176. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 19 Dec 41. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 68.
177. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, December 1941, pp. 29-36.
178. Information from Brig. C. Wallis, 3 May 46.
179. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 19 Dec 41.
180. Ibid. "E.G.S.", "The Fight at Quarry Gap", The Volunteer (Journal of the Royal Hong Kong Defence Force), Summer, 1952.
181. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 20 Dec 41.
182. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., pp. 38-9, 44.
183. "Translation of an Account by Maj. Gen. Tanaka". United Kingdom records.
184. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 20 Dec 41.
185. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 20 and 21 Dec 41.
186. Ibid., 21 Dec 41. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 21 Dec 41.
187. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 21 Dec 41.
188. Ibid.
189. Information from Major C. A. Young, 22 Mar 46. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 21 Dec 41.
190. Information from Major C. A. Young, 22 Mar 46.
191. Ibid. Situation report to 1700 hrs 23 Dec, passed to N.D.H.Q. by War Office 24 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
192. United Kingdom records.
193. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 23-25 Dec 41. Information from Major Young.
194. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, "C" Company narrative, 19 Dec 41.
195. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 22-3 Dec 41.
196. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 23 Dec 41.
197. Ibid. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 23 Dec 41.
198. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 23 Dec 41.
199. Ibid., 24 Dec 41.
200. Ibid.
201. Ibid., 25 Dec 41.
202. Ibid., 24 Dec 41.
203. Ibid., 25 Dec 41.
204. Maj. J. H. Monro, "Hong Kong Overrun" (The Royal Artillery Commemoration Book 1939-1945 [London], (1950), 139-44).
205. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 25 Dec 41.
206. W.D., Royal Rifles of Canada, 25 Dec 41.
207. Ibid.
208. Ibid. W.D., H.Q. East Inf. Bde., 25 Dec 41.
209. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 36-46.
210. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, p. 9.
211. Ibid.
212. Ibid. Statement of Sgt. W. J. Pugsley, 12 Jan 46, copy on H.Q.C. 1453-10, vol. 1.
213. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, p. 9.
214. United Kingdom records.
215. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 63 (y). United Kingdom records.
216. "Translation of Statement by Maj.-Gen. Shoji Toshishige . . .', 18 Nov 46.
217. Maj. G. B. Puddicombe to Lt.-Col. G. W. L. Nicholson, 30 Nov 50, H.Q.C. 1453-10, vol. 2.
218. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 82, 63 (y), 65. United Kingdom records.
219. United Kingdom records.
220. Report, "C" Force Headquarters and Details, 19 and 21 Dec 41.
221. United Kingdom records. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, para. 13 (d).
222. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, 19-22 Dec 41.
223. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part D.
224. Shoji statement, above, note 216. Cf. "Hong Kong Operation", above, note 162.
225. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, 22 Dec 41.
226. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 63 and 71. United Kingdom records.
227. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 71.
228. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, 19 Dec 41.
229. United Kingdom records.
230. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", para. 82. United Kingdom records.
231. United Kingdom records.
232. Winnipeg Grenadiers report, 20 Dec 41.
233. United Kingdom records.
234. Winnipeg Grenadiers report. Doi, "Battle Progress Report".
235. United Kingdom records.
236. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part D.
237. Commodore Hong Kong to Admiralty, 22 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
238. Report of Q.M.S. V. J. Myatt, 29 Dec 41, attached to Report, "C" Force Headquarters and Details.
239. Winnipeg Grenadiers report.
240. Ibid., and Doi, "Battle Progress Report". Information from Lt.-Col. H. B. Rose, 8-9 Jun 46.
241. United Kingdom records.
242. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 122-6.
243. United Kingdom records.
244. Winnipeg Grenadiers report. United Kingdom records.
245. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 117-26.
246. Commodore Hong Kong to Admiralty, repeated to N.D.H.Q., Ottawa, 25 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
247. The Grand Alliance, 634.
248. H.Q.S. 8902.
249. Signals Admiralty to Defensor, 27 and 29 Dec 41, ibid.
250. Gen. Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 81 and 101. Communique of uncertain date, repeated in Tel. 59713, Troopers to Defensor, 23 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902
251. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part E.
252. Tel. 60010, Troopers to Defensor, 24 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902.
253. Tel. 0923, Commodore Hong Kong to [Admiralty], passed to Defensor 29 Dec 41, ibid.
254. Winnipeg Grenadiers report. Account by Lieut. L. Corrigan.
255. Lt.-Col. J. A. Bailie (O.C. "C" Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers) to the writer, 1 Feb 51, H.Q.C. 1453-10, vol. 2. United Kingdom records.
256. Tel. Admiralty to Defensor, 26 Dec 41, repeating message from Commodore Hong Kong.
257. United Kingdom records. Lt.-Col. J. A. Bailie to the writer, 1 Feb 51, above, note 255. Evidence from Col. P. C. Giles, R.M., and Cdr. A. L. Pears, R.N.
258. United Kingdom records.
259. Message, Governor to Secretary of State, repeated in unnumbered telegram Admiralty to Defensor, 25 Dec 41, H.Q.S. 8902. Cf. Gen Maltby's Despatch, Appendix "A", paras. 142-50.
260. Casualty information from Director of War Service Records, Department of Veterans Affairs, March 1953, plus return of wounded compiled by Acting Brigade Major, "C" Force, 9 Sep 45.
261. Charge sheets concerning Maj.-Gens. Tanaka Ryosaburo and Shoji Toshishige. "C" Force, Reports of Medical Officers.
262. First Demobilization Bureau narrative, part D.
263. Information from Brig. J.N.B. Crawford, October 1945 and June 1955.
264. "Report of Conditions Affecting Canadian Prisoners of War at Hong Kong" (prepared by a committee of officers at Sham Shui Po Camp). "Notes" by War Crimes Investigation Section, 8 Jan 46.
265. Casualty information from Director of War Service Records, Department of Veterans Affairs, March 1953.
266. Order of Battle of the Japanese Armed Forces, 26 April 1944 (War Department, Washington, 1944), 88. John Miller, Jr., Guadalcanal: The First Offensive (Washington, 1949), 138-9, 348-9.