Chapter X
Tasks and Operations, 1941-1942
Footnotes
1. Information from Canadian Overseas Records Office, and R.C.N. and R.C.A.F. headquarters overseas, May 1941. Overall statistics from Canadian Overseas Records Office, May 1945, C.M.H.Q. file 18/Air Raids UK/1 as amended by information from Director, War Service Records, D.V.A., August 1954.
2. Fuehrer Directives and other Top-Level Directives of the German Armed Forces, 1939-1941 (Washington, 1948), 127.
3. Chiefs of Staff to Auchinleck, 19 Jul 41, Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 402.
4. Notes of discussion, W.D., A. & Q., H.Q. Cdn Corps, March 1941, Appendix "P1".
5. 2nd Division Operation Order No. 1, 22 Jun 41, W.D., G.S., H.Q. 2nd Div., June 1941, Appendix 49. General Report, Cdn Corps, weeks ending 5 Jul and 16 Aug 41, C.M.H.Q. file 4/Progress/2.
6. General Report, Cdn Corps, weeks ending 18 Oct, 22 Nov, 6 Dec and 20 Dec 41, C.M.H.Q. file 4/Progress/2.
7. Canadian Corps Order of Battle, 18 Nov 41, W.D., G.S., Cdn Corps, November 1941, Appendix 30.
8. Army Council Instruction No. 349 of 1941.
9. Quarterly Army List, April 1942, Part I, 66 (25 Dec 41).
10. W.D., H.Q. 1st Inf. Bde., 2 Jan 42.
11. W.D., G.S., H.Q. Cdn Corps, February 1942, Appendix "B".
12. W.D., G.S., H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps, June 1943, Appendix 1. On successes against enemy aircraft, correspondence with H.Q. Anti-Aircraft Command, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Enemy Aircraft/1.
13. Cranborne to Massey, C.M.H.Q. file 6/1 Tun Coy/2.
14. W.D., Spec. Det. No. I Tunnelling Coy. R.C.E., November-December 1940.
15. Documents on C.M.H.Q. file 6/1 Tun Coy/2. W.D., No. 2 Tunnelling Coy. R.C.E., March 1941.
16. W.D., No. 2 Tunnelling Coy., December 1942.
17. Documents on C.M.H.Q. file 6/1 Tun Coy/2.
18. Col. T. W. R. Haycraft, "The Gibraltar Runway", Royal Engineers Journal, LX (September, 1946). Documents on H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps Engineer file 1-8-3.
19. Col. T. W. R. Haycraft, "The Gibraltar Tunnels", Royal Engineers Journal, LX (December, 1946).
20. W.D., No. 2 Tunnelling Coy. R.C.E. (numerous references). "Summary Report", 13 Mar 41-26 Nov 42, by Maj. J. G. Tatham, O.C. No. 2 Tunnelling Coy., H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps Engineers file 1-8-3.
21. W.D., No. 2 Tunnelling Coy., December 1942, Appendix 1.
22. Documents on C.M.H.Q. file 6/1 Tun Coy/2.
23. Memo by. Maj. H. E. T. Doucet, 25 Jul 41, H.Q. Cdn Corps file 1/23/74 (G). "Notes on meeting" by Maj. C. R. Archibald, ibid.
24. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 385.
25. "Notes", above, note 23; "Minutes of Meeting . . . 26 Jul 41" by Lt.-Col. H. A. Young, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Corps/3; "Instructions for the Preparation of 111 Force", 25 Jul 41, H.Q. Cdn Corps file 1/23/74 (G).
26. Revised "Instructions for the Preparation of 111 Force", 26 Jul 41, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Corps/3. Memo by Maj. Archibald, "Exercise 'HEATHER"', 3 Aug 41, H.Q. Cdn Corps file 1/23/74 (G).
27. Memorandum by Lt.-Col. Young of information from War Office, 30 Jul 41, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Corps/3.
28. Memorandum by Brig. Murchie, 6 Aug 41, and amended version by Lt.-Gen. McNaughton, 8 Aug 41, ibid. Chiefs of Staff Committee, Extract from Minutes of Meeting held on 6th August, H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps file 1/23/74 (G).
29. W.D., H.Q. 2nd Inf. Bde. (Supp.), August-September 1941.
30. Memorandum by Brig. Murchie, 11 Aug 41, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Corps/3.
31. Memorandum by Brig. Murchie, 16 Aug 41, ibid. Draft Directives for Naval and Military Commanders, ibid.
32. Order of Battle as compiled at C.M.H.Q from all available sources, December 1941 (copy on W.D., H.Q. 2nd Inf. Bde. (Supp.), August-September 1941).
33. W.D., H.Q. 2nd Inf. Bde. (Supp.), August-September 1941. Rear-Admiral P. Vian, "Operation 'GAUNTLET': Report of Proceedings", 4 Sep 41. The whole expedition is described in Ross Munro, GAUNTLET to Overlord: The Story of the Canadian Army (Toronto, 1946), Chap. XII. Mr. Munro was present as correspondent for the Canadian Press.
34. Vian report, note 33 above. Information from various participants, including Maj. W. S. Murdoch. Report of Maj. C. A. H. B. Blake, M.I.L.O., 28 Aug 41, Appendix "J" to report of Military Commander, H.Q. Cdn Corps file 1/23/74 (G).
35. Vian report (including Appendix V, report of H.M.S. "Aurora"). Engineer report by Maj. G. Walsh, Appendix "'L" to report of Military Commander. Proceedings of Court of Inquiry re fire at Barentsburg, Appendix "D.1" to ibid.
36. Vian report. W.D., H.Q. 2nd Inf. Bde. (Supp.), August-September 1941.
37. Signals report by Capt. W. H. T. Wilson, Appendix "N" to report of Military Commander. Interview with Capt. Wilson, 8 Dec 41.
38. Report of Military Commander, para. 6. Captured Records Section, Department of the Army, Washington, 19070/13.
39. The Times (London), 15 Sep 41.
40. Vian report.
41. Jean Brilhac, The Road to Liberty: The Story of One Hundred and Eighty-Six Men who Escaped (London, 1945).
42. W.D., H.Q. 2nd Inf. Bde. (Supp.), August-September 1941.
43. 10 Sep 41, H.Q. Cdn Corps file 1/23/74 (G).
44. United Kingdom records.
45. Minutes of meeting 22 Jul 41, W.D., G.S., H.Q. Cdn Corps, July 1941, Appendix XXXIV.
46. Tels. GS 1458, Canmilitry to Defensor, 26 Jul 41, and GS 203, Defensor to Canmilitry, 31 Jul 41, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Army/ 1.
47. Tels. GS 2322, Canmilitry to Defensor, 26 Oct 41, and GS 284, Defensor to Canmilitry, 31 Oct 41,
48. Memorandum of discussion, by Lt.-Col. G. G. Simonds, 8 Sep 41, H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps file Ops 3-3-5, vol. 2.
49. Documents on ibid.
50. H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps file Ops 3-3-1.
51. Memoranda on ibid.
52. Cdn Corps Training Instruction No. 7, 16 Mar 42, W.D., G.S., H.Q. Cdn Corps, March 1942. Information from Mr. Ross Munro, 9 May 42.
53. Documents on H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps file Ops 3-3-1-1 Div.
54. Report by Lt. Ensor, 25 Apr 42, H.Q. First Cdn. Army file 7-1-1/Ops. Memorandum of interview with Capt. J. P. Ensor, 22 Jul 42, Appendix "A" to Report No. 81, Historical Officer, C.M.H.Q.
55. Operation Order No. 1, attached toLovat's report, H.Q. First Cdn Army file 7-1-1/Ops.
56. United Kingdom records.
57. Lovat's report, note 55 above.
58. United Kingdom records.
59. Report by and interview with Ensor, note 54 above. Report by naval officer in command to Flotilla Officer 8th A.L.C. Flotilla, 22 Apr 42. Various other reports, H.Q. First Cdn Army file 71-1/Ops. United Kingdom records.
60. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 625ff. Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins. An Intimate History (New York, 1949), Chap. XX.
61. Text in Pearl Harbor Attack: Hearings before the Joint Committee. (U.S. Congress, 79th Congress 1st Session), Part 15, 1485ff.
62. The Grand Alliance, 641, andcf. Churchill to Ismay, for Chiefs of Staff, 10 Jan 42, 700-4.
63. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York, 1948, 2 vols.), II, 1116-24.
64. Speech by Mr. Churchill in Parliament, 27 Jan 42. Cf. W. F. Craven and J. L. Cate, eds., The Army Air Forces in World War II, I (Chicago, 1948), 253ff., and Ray S. Cline, Washington Command Post: The Operations Division (Washington, 1951), 97-104.
65. The Grand Alliance, 646-51, 705.
66. Memo by Maj.-Gen. M. A. Pope, 11 Mar 42, McNaughton Papers, file P.A. 5-32-5.
67. Memorandum "Operations in Western Europe", accompanying Chief of Staff's undated "Memorandum for the President" (copy furnished by Chief of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army). Winston S. Churchill, The Hinge of Fate [Toronto], (1950), 313-15. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 519-20. Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack (Washington, 1951), Chap. I. Maurice Matloff and Edwin M. Snell, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942 (Washington, 1953), 183-87. ibid.
68. United Kingdom records.
69. The Hinge of Fate, 317-20. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 535.
70. 17 Apr 42, The Hinge of Fate, 320-21.
71. 5 May 42, records of Department of External Affairs.
72. The Grand Alliance, 393.
73. Stalin to Churchill, 18 Jul 41, ibid., 383.
74. The Hinge of Fate, 332-5.
75. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 577. The Hinge of Fate, 341-2. Communiqués, The Times, London, 12 Jun 42.
76. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 581-3. Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War (New York, 1948), 423.
77. The Hinge of Fate, 346-8, 433.
78. Ibid., 381-2 (20 Jun 42). Roosevelt and Hopkins, 589.
79. The Hinge of Fate, 383-4 (note of "military conclusions" as recorded by General Ismay). Stimson and Bundy, On Active Service, 424.
80. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York, 1948) 50-52, 484.
81. The Hinge of Fate, 434-5 (8 Jul 42).
82. On Active Service, 424-5. Harrison, Cross Channel Attack, 27.
83. Text, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 603-5 (16 Jul 42). On the background of this document, Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, 28.
84. Capt. Harry C. Butcher, My Three Years with Eisenhower (New York, 1946), 28.
85. Combined Commanders' appreciation C.C. (42) 45 (Final), 31 Jul 42.
86. The Hinge of Fate, 444-8. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 607-11. Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 273-8.
87. "Operations in 1942/43: Memorandum by the Combined Chiefs of Staff', C.C.S. 94, 24 Jul 42. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 610-15. Cross-Channel Attack, 30-32. Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 282-4.
88. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 610.
89. On Active Service, 425.
90. Combined Commanders' appreciation, note 85 above.
91. Butcher, My Three Years with Eisenhower, 29. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 71. Cf. Cross-Channel Attack, 29.
92. Report No. 7 to C.G.S., file 11/C.G.S./ 5, vol. 1, Canadian Joint Staff, Washington.
93. Report No. 8 to C.G.S., 8 May 42, ibid.
94. Memo by Mr. King, "Meeting of Pacific War Council, at Washington, D.C., Wednesday, April 15, 1942" (King Papers).
95. Minutes of a meeting held in General McNaughton's office, 3 Oct 42, Personal War Diary, Lt.-Gen. McNaughton, October 1942, Appendix "B1".
96. Memorandum by Gen. McNaughton, 22 Jun 42, ibid., June 1942, Appendix "F" (includes text of cable GS 1997, Canmilitry to Defensor, Stuart from Me. Naughton, 12 Jun 42). See also C.M.H.Q. file 6/Exp Force/1.
97. United Kingdom records.
98. C.C. (42) 45 (Final), note 85 above. Combined Commanders' appreciation C.C. (42) 42 (3rd Draft), 30 Jul 42. Cf. Lt.Gen. L. K. Truscott, Command Missions (New York, 1954), 45-53.
99. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, Chap. I.
100. Memorandum, Discussion with V.C.I.G.S., 4 Aug 42, Personal War Diary, Lt.-Gen. McNaughton, August 1942, Appendix "B".
101. Memorandum by Gen. McNaughton, 20 Sep 42, of interview with Gen. Brooke, 17 Sep 42, ibid., September 1942, Appendix "I".
102. Churchill to Auchinleck, 17 Sep 41, and to Chiefs of Staff, 18 Sep 41, The Grand Alliance, 413-14, 495-7.
103. United Kingdom records. Rear-Admiral J. Hughes-Hallett, "The Mounting of Raids", Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, November 1950.
104. The Hinge of Fate, 346-8.
105. United Kingdom records. The Hinge of Fate, 346--8.
106. United Kingdom records.
107. United Kingdom records.
108. United Kingdom records.
109. Despatch by Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles M. Forbes, 13 Apr 42, Supplement to London Gazette, 2 Oct 47. Cf. Commander R. E. D. Ryder, V.C., The Attack on St. Nazaire (London, 1947).
110. The Grand Alliance, 773-4.
111. Information from Brig. A. H. Head (formerly representative of Chief of Combined Operations on Joint Planning Staff, War Cabinet Offices), 15 Mar 46. Cf. Brig. Head's lecture, "Amphibious Operations", Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, November 1946.
112. United Kingdom records.
113. The Dieppe Raid (Combined Report) 1942, 2.
114. "Minutes of Meeting held at Combined Operations Headquarters . . . 14.4.42. to discuss Operation 'RUTTER"', 18 Apr 42.
115. "Conclusions of meeting held at C.O.H.Q. on Tuesday, 21st April".
116. "Operation 'RUTTER' and 'JUBILEE': Notes on Principal Changes in the Military Plan" (addressed to V.C.C.O.).
117. "Operation 'RUTTER'--Outline Plan" (Appendix II to letter Mountbatten to Force Commanders, 13 May 42).
118. "Minutes of a Meeting held at 1100 hours Saturday 25th April at C.O.H.Q. to discuss Operation 'RUTTER".
119. See, e.g., Gen. Sir F. Pile, Ack-Ack (London, 1949), 261.
120. "Notes of a meeting between Lt Gen AGL McNaughton and Lt Gen BL Montgomery ... 1000 hrs 30 Apr 42 (given to Lt Col GP Henderson by Lt Gen McNaughton at 1600 hrs 30 Apr 42)", W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942 (preserved and added to diary later).
121. Ibid.
122. H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps file Ops 3-3-1-2 Div.
123. See note 117 above (plan printed with very slight variations in the Combined Report).
124. "Operation 'RUTTER', Amendment List No. 1", 15 May 42.
125. "Observations upon the Outline Plan, by Lt.-Col. C.C. Mann, G.S.O. I".
126. Mountbatten to Chiefs of Staff Committee, 11 May 42, with amendment 13 May. Mountbatten to Force Commanders, 13 May 42.
127. Tel. GS 1480, Canmilitry to Defensor, C.M.H.Q. file 3/Cdn Army/1. Tel. CGS 180, Defensor to Canmilitry, 2 May 42, ibid.
128. Note by Gen. McNaughton on draft of Tel. GS 1658, Canmilitry to Defensor, 15 May 42, W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942 (added to diary later).
129. Tel. GS 1658, note 128 above.
130. W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942 (added later).
131. W.D., G.S., H.Q. 2nd Division, May 1942.
132. Documents on ibid., August 1942.
133. Undated memorandum by Lt.-Col. G. P. Henderson, W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942. W.Ds. of units, particularly Royal Regt. of Canada and South Saskatchewan Regt., 12 Jun 42.
134. Copies of correspondence from H.Q. First Cdn Army file 8-3-4/Ops, now on W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942.
135. Ibid.
136. United Kingdom records.
137. United Kingdom records.
138. To Senior Officer, C.M.H.Q., 18 Mar 43, C.M.H.Q. file 24/Dieppe/1.
139. The Hinge of Fate, 387-90. Roosevelt and Hopkins, 592-3.
140. Information from Capt. J. Hughes-Hallett, 29 Sep 46. Letter, Hughes-Hallett to the writer, 30 Dec 52.
141. McNaughton to Paget, undated but evidently of 3 Jul 42, W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942 (from H.Q. First Cdn Army file 8-3-4/Ops). Swayne to McNaughton, 4 Jul 42; Paget to McNaughton, 5 Jul 42, ibid.
142. 142. "Memorandum on Conversation with Lieut.-General B.L. Montgomery", by Lt.-Gen. H. D. G. Crerar, 5 Jul 42, ibid.
143. "Notes on Meeting held Informing Bdes about Forthcoming Operation 'RUTTER': 1430 hrs--27 Jun 42". W.Ds., Royal Regt. of Canada and Essex Scottish Regt., 27 Jun 42.
144. W.Ds., especially "Simmerforce" R.C.E., Group 2, and Royal Regt. of Canada, July 1942.
145. Situation maps, Lage West, O.K.H., Berlin, 28.5.42 and 9.6.42 (C.R.S.).
146. Memoranda, H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps file Ops 3-3-1-2 Div.
147. Combined Report, 8. W.D., Royal Regt. of Canada, 7 Jul 42. Information from Brig. C. C. Mann, 10 Nov 42.
148. Brig. M.S. Chilton (B.G.S. South Eastern Command) to Crerar, 7 Jul 42, H.Q. 1st Cdn Corps f ile Ops 3-3-1-2 Div. Cf. memo on cancellation of "RUTTER" by Lt.-Col. B.H. Darwin, 7 Jul 42, W.D., G.S., H.Q. First Cdn Army, July 1942 (from H.Q. First Cdn Army file 8-3-4/Ops). United Kingdom records.
149. United Kingdom records.
150. H.Q. First Cdn Army file 8-3-5/Ops.
151. Information from Brig. A.H. Head, 15 Mar 46, and Capt. J. Hughes-Hallett, 29-30 Sep 46.
152. H.Q. First Cdn Army file 8-3-5/Ops.
153. Memorandum by Gen. McNaughton, 20 Jul 42, ibid.
154. Letters on ibid.
155. Information from Brig. Mann, 18 Nov 42.
156. Minutes, W.D., G.S., H.Q. 2nd Div., August 1942, Appendix 53.
157. Roberts to Senior Officer, C.M.H.Q., 18 Mar 43, C.M.H.Q. file 24/Dieppe/1.
158. W.D., G.S., H.Q. 2nd Div., August 1942, Appendices 17 and 29.
159. Letters on H.Q. First Cdn Army file 8-3-5 /Ops.
160. W.D., 14th Army Tank Regt., August 1942.
161. See, e.g., W.D., Royal Regt. of Canada, 18 Aug 42.
162. Ibid.
163. "Operation 'JUBILEE', Naval Operation Orders", 10 Aug 42, Appendix "A".
164. H.Q.C. 1453-6-5, vol. 3.
165. W.D., No. 10 (I.A.) Commando, 19 Aug 42.
166. United Kingdom records. W.D., 14th Army Tank Regt., 18 Aug 42.
167. "Operation 'JUBILEE'. The Combined Plan", C.O.H.Q., 31 Jul 42.
168. Information from Capt. Hughes-Hallett, 29-30 Sep 46.
169. 14th Army Tank Regt. Operation Instruction No. 1, W.D., 14th Army Tank Regt., August 1942.
170. Combined Plan, paras. 38 and 29,
171. Ibid., para. 78,
172. Information from Air Historian, R.C.A.F., June 1950. RCAF Logbook (Ottawa, 1949), 69.
173. United Kingdom records. Report of Air Force Commander, 5 Sep 42.
174. Information from Historical Division, Air University Library, U.S. Air Force, May 1950.
175. Combined Plan, para. 5.
176. Personal War Diary, Lt.-Gen. McNaughton, 19 Aug 42.
177. Combined Plan, para. 7. Report of Air Force Commander, 5 Sep 42, para. 16.